Fudenberg and Tirole (1995) analytically demonstrate that income smoothing can arise in equilibrium if managers are concerned about job security. Consistent with their model, DeFond and Park (1997) show that managers smooth income in consideration of both current and future relative performance....

This study investigates how discretionary accruals affect earnings valuation (or price-earnings multiples) to provide indirect evidence on whether managers use their discretion over accruals to communicate their private information or to obtain private benefits. The results indicate that...

This study investigates whether financial analysts correctly weight cash flows, accruals and components of accruals in forecasting future earnings. This examination is in the spirit of Sloan (1996) who documents evidence that investors do not correctly distinguish between the cash flow and...