significant relationship between hot money and REER. -- Real exchange rate ; terms of trade ; international reserves ; volatility …This paper evaluates the impact of international reserves, terms of trade shocks and capital flows on the real exchange …

de jure trade openness is positively and significantly associated with takeoffs. A one standard deviation increase in de … jure trade openness is associated with a 55% increase in the probability of a takeoff in our default specification. We also … de facto trade openness, as well as a variety of other potential conditioning variables, are found to be poor predictors …

prediction of international trade is confirmed in the data: greater trade integration weakens the association between production …

prediction of international trade is confirmed in the data: greater trade integration weakens the association between production …

This paper evaluates the impact of international reserves, terms of trade shocks and capital flows on the real exchange …

linear feedback between trade and FDI (81%) can be accounted for by Granger-causality from FDI gross flows to trade openness … international trade. We outline a model exemplifying some of these linkages, describe several methods for investigating two …-way feedbacks between various categories of trade, and apply them to the recent experience of developing countries. After …

This paper evaluates the impact of international reserves, terms of trade shocks and capital flows on the real exchange …