) implemented measures to provide US dollar liquidity by reinforcing swap arrangements with five major central banks, reactivating … dollar liquidity lines through the swap arrangements and the new repo facility. Access to dollar liquidity also reflects …

Motivated by the unprecedented rise of swap agreements between the central banks of developed economies and their … developing economy counterparts, this paper evaluates Asian swap arrangements and their association with the build-up of foreign … substitute for reserves. Furthermore, the selectivity of the swap lines indicates that only countries with significant trade and …

regional pooling arrangements and swap lines as well as possible new roles for international financial institutions (IFI). …

has been associated with an unprecedented rise of swap agreements between central banks of larger economies and their … counterparts in smaller economies. We explore whether such swap lines can reduce the need for reserve accumulation. The evidence … suggests that there is only a limited scope for swaps to substitute for reserves. The selectivity of the swap lines indicates …

has been associated with an unprecedented rise of swap agreements between central banks of larger economies and their … counterparts in smaller economies. We explore whether such swap lines can reduce the need for reserve accumulation. The evidence … suggests that there is only a limited scope for swaps to substitute for reserves. The selectivity of the swap lines indicates …

has been associated with an unprecedented rise of swap agreements between central banks of larger economies and their … counterparts in smaller economies. We explore whether such swap lines can reduce the need for reserve accumulation. The evidence … suggests that there is only a limited scope for swaps to substitute for reserves. The selectivity of the swap lines indicates …