As schools worldwide were forced to close due to the COVID-19 pandemic in early 2020, they struggled to switch to online education. Using Japan’s nationwide administrative data, we examine the impact of schools’ ICT equipment and teachers’ IT skills on the provision of online classes,...

As schools worldwide were forced to close due to the COVID-19 pandemic in early 2020, they struggled to switch to online education. Using Japan's nationwide administrative data, we examine the impact of schools' ICT equipment and teachers' IT skills on the provision of online classes,...

As schools worldwide were forced to close due to the COVID-19 pandemic in early 2020, they struggled to switch to online education. Using Japan's nationwide administrative data, we examine the impact of schools' ICT equipment and teachers' IT skills on the provision of online classes,...