that made no structural energy-efficiency upgrades to their homes, and thus kept the stock of gas-using capital fixed. We … or baseline consumption. Our data also suggest that the consumers with the lowest uptake of energy efficiency …

Untapped improvements in energy efficiency in the residential sector may deliver large savings in energy use and the CO … efficiency upgrades to the home (wall, attic or basement insulation; new windows; boiler replacement, and insulation around pipes …) to form a panel dataset. We estimate the effect of the energy efficiency renovations on natural gas consumption …