Scientific and other non-patent references (NPRs) in patents are important tools to analyze interactions between science and technology. This paper organizes a database with 514,894 USPTO patents granted globally in 1974, 1982, 1990, 1998 and 2006. There are 165,762 patents with at least one...

The relationship between finance and innovation is key for economic development. Both classical economists and economic historians highlight the importance of these connections for successful capitalist economies. This paper investigates the relationship between finance and innovation in a...

Marx has a method for the evaluation of patterns of interaction between finance and innovation. Two starting points of this method are the simultaneity of cause and effect and the identification of reciprocal effects between the monetary-financial dimension and the industrialinnovative...

The interaction between firms and universities in Brazil is very weak. The successful “points of interaction” between science and technology are scarce and localized. This paper investigates the historical roots of this pattern of interaction. The hypothesis of this paper suggests this...

This paper introduces the differences and similarities of interactions between science and technology (S&T) among four Latin American countries: Argentina, Brazil, Costa Rica and Mexico. Through the analysis of articles and patents data as well as the elaboration of global matrices and national...

This article evaluates the relationship between scientific and technological production and the degree of human development in Brazil, on a municipal level. The variables used can be divided into seven groups: human development index, urban infrastructure, cultural infrastructure, incentives...

Inadequacy of technology is a child of structuralism; the concept of a national system of innovation (NSI) is a child of evolutionary theory. A dialogue between these concepts can enrich our understanding of the problems involved in building NSIs at the periphery. Celso Furtado explains the...

Introduction -- Chapter 1: Theoretical framework and methodology -- Chapter 2: The impact of industrial revolution on the periphery - an "astonishing reversal" -- Chapter 3: Two technological revolutions and a predominantly falling behind period -- Chapter 4: The fourth Long Wave and a...