We investigate how criminal organizations strategically use violence to influence elections in order to get captured … politicians elected. The model offers novel testable implications about the use of pre-electoral violence under different types of … rates in Italy since 1887, comparing the extent of 'electoral-violence cycles' between areas with a higher and lower …

Using a new dataset, we investigate the determinants of violence against women in Africa. We focus on cultural factors … determine social norms about gender roles, family structures and intrafamily violence which persist even when the initial … contemporary violence. Second, women's contemporary economic role affects violence in a complex way which is itself related to …