The quantitative assessments of the solar radiation flux and the variations of its spectral distribution in the visible and near-infrared ranges of the electromagnetic spectrum are of great interest in studying solar-terrestrial influences. The reason is that the main part of the solar radiation...

Drying for agricultural and marine products are one of the most attractive and cost-effective application of solar energy. Numerous types of solar dryers have been designed and developed in various parts of the world, yielding varying degrees of technical performance. Basically, there are four...

Thermal energy storage is one of the most efficient ways to store solar energy for heating air by energy collected from sun. The relative studies are involved to the type of collection with the type of storage, i.e. separated to each other or integrated. This review summarizes the previous works...

Knowledge of atmospheric turbidity coefficients is very important in meteorology, climatology, atmospheric pollution monitoring, and in the prediction of solar energy availability under cloudless skies. This paper provides a thorough review on a number of atmospheric turbidity indices and on the...

One of the most important factors affecting the attenuation of solar radiation reaching the earth's surface under cloudless sky conditions is the presence of aerosol particles. A direct measurement of the aerosol transmittance is not possible due to the strong influence of the other atmospheric...

The use of nanofluids for cooling is an attracting considerable attention in various industrial applications. Compared with conventional fluids, nanofluids improve the heat transfer rate, as well as the optical properties, thermal properties, efficiency, and transmission and extinction...

The objective of this paper is to provide a literature review on solar-driven ejector refrigeration systems and to give useful guidelines regarding background and operating principles of ejector. The development history and recent progress in solar-driven ejector refrigeration systems are...

Fuel cell or hydrogen systems offer the potential for clean, reliable and on-site energy generation. This article review current literature with the objective of identifying the latest development in membrane and bipolar plates for the conventional fuel cell and unitized regenerative fuel cell...

One of the most important methods of saving energy in a building is by carefully designing its facade. A 'double skin façade' is optimally one of the best options in managing the interaction between the outdoors and the internal spaces. It also provides some architectural flexibility to the...

Brackish water are any water sources with TDS between 1000 and 15 000 mg/L. Brackish water cannot be consumed by us directly due to its high salinity. According to World Health Organization (WHO), water with salinity below 500 mg/L is acceptable as drinking water. There are quite a...