Global trade volumes and globalization hitting records every year imply growth of commercial operations among more companies each time and inevitable dealing with exchange rate risk. As an established practice, some enterprises make payments in a timeframe agreed to in a commercial contract....

The COVID-19 pandemic triggered a sudden drop in companies’ sales and turnover, which resulted in serious liquidity and solvency problems. In an effort to cushion these unfavorable effects, a credit guarantee plan was launched in 2020 by the Spanish Government to mitigate the effects of...