Many Western countries now use electronic monitoring (EM) of some offenders as an alternative to more traditional forms of punishments such as imprisonment. While the main reason for introducing EM is the growing prison population, politicians and administrators also believe that this type of...

Previous studies find significant community-level differences in out-of-home placement rates. However, it remains unclear which community-level factors other than geographical factors explain differences in placement rates. This paper extends previous research by analyzing, whether alternative...

A number of studies investigate the extent to which levels of welfare benefits reduce crime among the unemployed. This paper expands this literature by testing whether the intensity of other welfare programs aimed at the unemployed affects their criminal activity, using evidence from a Danish...

There is a widespread belief among criminologists, judges and the like that criminals are better off serving non-custodial sentences instead of going to prison. However, empirical evidence of the effects of community service is scarce. This paper exploits a policy reform that implemented the use...

While a range of studies investigate how a child's background characteristics affects his or her placement risk, only few have considered the possible stratified influence of these characteristics. This study contributes to this small literature by investigating if the influence from background...