The EU member states in Central and Eastern Europe (EU-CEE) were experiencing rising labour shortages prior to the … substituted with capital, but rather the complementary effect prevailed. Employment actually increased in EU-CEE over the past two … shortages in EU-CEE is highly problematic in the current domestic political context. Overall, both our findings for the EU …

framework of EU laws and policies, have a beneficial or negative impact on the effective capacity of these countries to …

The EU member states in Central and Eastern Europe (EU-CEE) have been experiencing increasing labour shortages, which …, labour was not substituted with capital, but rather the complementary effect prevailed. Employment actually increased in EU … political context. Overall, both our findings for the EU-CEE region over recent years and the experience of Western Europe …