In the large empirical literature that investigates the causal effects of education on outcomes such as health, wages … and crime, it is customary to measure education with years of schooling, and to identify these effects using the exogenous … variation provided by school reforms increasing compulsory education and minimum school leaving age. If these reforms are …

In the large empirical literature that investigates the causal effects of education on outcomes such as health, wages … and crime, it is customary to measure education with years of schooling, and to identify these effects using the exogenous … variation provided by school reforms increasing compulsory education and minimum school leaving age. If these reforms are …

education over the working life of individuals. We find evidence that employees with tertiary education have steeper experience … profiles than employees with upper secondary or compulsory education. Hence, education provides not only an initial labor … in earnings growth by education are lower in countries with a higher level of corporatism and higher in countries which …

The purpose of this paper is to provide an update of the empirical evidence on the private returns to education in … Italy. First, we show that, whilst returns to education in Italy (based on gross wages) are in line with the European … marginal return to the marginal cost of education – we speculate that either marginal costs are steeper in Italy or that a …

either a concept-based, general' education or a skill-specific, vocational' education. General education is more costly to … policies favor vocational education will grow slower in equilibrium than one that favors general education. Moreover, the gap … education subsidy policy we demonstrate that the optimal subsidy for general education increases with the growth rate of …