This chapter reviews the state of the international trade literature on multinational firms. This literature addresses …

The rise of offshoring of intermediate inputs raises important questions for commercial policy. Do the distinguishing … features of offshoring introduce novel reasons for trade policy intervention? Does offshoring create new problems of global … policy cooperation whose solutions require international agreements with novel features? Can trade agreements that are …

multinationals structure the international organization of their production. In particular, we explore how multinationals divide … down outsourcing into two types by distinguishing whether or not they involve technology sharing between the two parties … technology-sharing-outsourcing IPRs promote outsourcing of more complex goods to a destination country by guaranteeing the …