This chapter reviews the state of the international trade literature on multinational firms. This literature addresses …

The rise of offshoring of intermediate inputs raises important questions for commercial policy. Do the distinguishing … features of offshoring introduce novel reasons for trade policy intervention? Does offshoring create new problems of global … policy cooperation whose solutions require international agreements with novel features? Can trade agreements that are …

specialization of countries within GVCs in a world with barriers to international trade. With costly trade, the optimal location of …