employers encouraged their employees to use the bridge options unemployment or partial retirement instead of the early …This paper shows that increasing the normal retirement age and introducing pension deductions for retirement before … normal retirement age in Germany did not prolong employment of older men. The reason for this surprising result is that …

substitution effects into unemployment, partial retirement, disability pension, or inactivity. Eligibility for the pension for …Early retirement options are usually targeted at employees at risk of not reaching their regular retirement age in … particularly negatively affected by the abolition of early retirement options. To measure differences in labor market reactions of …

effects into unemployment, partial retirement, disability pension, or inactivity. Eligibility for the pension for women …Early retirement options are usually targeted at employees at risk of not reaching their regular retirement age in … particularly negatively affected by the abolition of early retirement options. To measure differences in labor market reactions of …

unemployment benefits for older workers helps explain the low rate of employment just before the early retirement age. Decreasing … activity not only decreases the participation rate by inducing early retirement, but also badly affects the employment rate of … older workers just before early retirement age. Countries with an early retirement age at 60 also have lower employment …