the production of knowledge (appropriability, technological opportunities), innovation and production costs as well as … innovative activities in the service sector. Several innovation variables referring to the input as well as the output side of … the innovation process served as endogenous variables of the innovation model. For the empirical work we used firm data …

The innovation value chain (IVC) divides the innovation process into three separate links or activities: knowledge … Ireland and Switzerland. Both economies are small, very open and depend significantly on innovation to maintain competitive … advantage. In recent years, however, R&D and innovation growth in Ireland has been markedly stronger than that in Switzerland …