scores. Then, we regress cost efficiency scores on Lerner indices contingent on bank characteristics, market features and the …

, it assesses whether African banking institutions have benefited from liberalization policies in terms of bank returns …. Second, it models bank return and return uncertainty in the context of openness policies to examine fresh patterns for the …, while trade openness has increased bank returns and return uncertainties, financial openness and institutional …

financial) triggers less bank efficiency in low income countries than in their middle income counterparts. These findings …

, more efficient, and unchallenged. In contrast, several studies found that when bank size increases beyond certain … interest margins. This study examines the connection between bank size and efficiency to understand whether that relationship …-overlapping thresholds for bank size. We found two key results. First, bank size increases bank interest rate margins with an inverted U …