limited sanctions response, particularly from the EU, while a full invasion would entail major sanctions from the West as a … the EU -is unlikely given the sizeable negative impact it would have on both sides. Aside from energy, the most painful … accelerate EU moves towards energy diversification away from Russia. However, the economic impact of this on Russia will be …

The EU member states in Central and Eastern Europe (EU-CEE) were experiencing rising labour shortages prior to the … substituted with capital, but rather the complementary effect prevailed. Employment actually increased in EU-CEE over the past two … shortages in EU-CEE is highly problematic in the current domestic political context. Overall, both our findings for the EU …

the back of high energy prices. If the EU were to ban imports of energy from Russia, or if Russia itself limits or stops … gas exports to the EU, the trade impacts would be much more significant. The medium- and long-term outlook for Ukraine … integration with the EU. For Russia, the economy will lose its access to Western technological transfer, and this cannot be fully …

The EU member states in Central and Eastern Europe (EU-CEE) have been experiencing increasing labour shortages, which …, labour was not substituted with capital, but rather the complementary effect prevailed. Employment actually increased in EU … political context. Overall, both our findings for the EU-CEE region over recent years and the experience of Western Europe …