Trade finance, particularly in the form of short-term, self-liquidating letters of credit and the like, has received … leverage ratio to these instruments, notably for developing countries’ trade. This paper offers a relatively simple model …

Trade finance shortfalls now appear regularly. Does this matter for trade expansion and economic development in … developing countries? Global trade finance has resumed following the 2009 global financial crisis. However, the pattern of … recovery has been uneven across countries and categories of firms. The recovery has been robust for the main routes of trade …