technologies. Here we combine information from patent applications with bibliographic data to shine light on the second process …

‘important' inventions from universities, the observed increase in university patenting evinces a ‘propensity to patent,' with a …

. Knowledge flow is measured by patent citations.Data on 975 firms were obtained from three sources: the Cooperative Agreementsand … Technology Indicators (CATI) database to identify pairs of firms that sharealliances, the U.S. Patent Office for patent data, and … and patent citation rates, providing evidence thatalliances promote patent citations. However, a reverse causation is …