Scholars examining the effect of knowledge spillovers on R&D and innovation all agree on one thing-there is a strong relationship between the firm's R&D effort and knowledge spillover. The sign of this relationship depends, however, on many things, such as the type of spillovers (horizontal,...

Early in his career, Edwin Mansfield focused on thedeterminants of the evolutionary process by which firms are created and thengrow. Toward the end of his career, he pioneered research that focused on theexternal sources of research and development, and especially on universities asinputs into...