on national budgets will increase substantially. In Social Security Programs and Retirement around the World, Jonathan … Gruber, David A. Wise, and experts in many countries examine the consequences of reforming retirement benefits in a dozen …

As much like other industrialized countries, in recent decades the employment rate in Germany for those aged 55 to 69 …”. We find that for both men and women the increase in the employment rate coincides with a reduction in the early … retirement incentive. The reduction of incentives mainly stems from the introduction of actuarial deductions for early retirement …

pressure on social security programs—and, until recently, the pressure has been compounded by a trend toward retirement at an …

individuals in some countries relying on disability insurance until they are able to enter into full retirement. The sixth stage …, and considers the requirements of disability insurance programs, as well as other pathways to retirement …