interacts with prices to generate a conventional demand curve. We test the price responsiveness of the demand for punishment by … strategic reason to punish. We nonetheless find significant levels of punishment, and we learn that both price and the extent to … which the recipient's contribution is below the group mean are significant determinants of the quantity of punishment …

The fact that many people take it upon themselves to impose costly punishment on free riders helps to explain why … punishment is costly and at times misdirected. We document the frequency and probable causes of punishment of high contributors … in several recent studies, and we report a new experiment which shows that introducing higher-order punishment …

about whether opportunities to engage in higher-order punishment (punishing punishment or failure to punish) help or … of higher-order punishment opportunities increases cooperation and efficiency when subjects have full information on the … pattern of punishing and its history, when any subject can punish any other, and when the numbers of punishment and of …

contributions and punishments change when (a) each dollar lost in punishment must be awarded to another team member and/or when (b … reduce punishment of high contributors (perverse punishment) or increase overall punishing are not completely born out, but … innovation (a)nonetheless succeeds in making the net punishment of high contributors much less common because they receive enough …

-cooperative way how much crime effort he will exert. We show that the Nash equilibrium crime effort of each individual is proportional … removed, leads to the maximum reduction in aggregate crime. We provide a geometric characterization of the key player … player for a group of criminals of a given size. We finally endogeneize the crime participation decision, resulting in a key …

; delinquency decision ; key group ; NP-hard problem ; crime policies …