We introduce a heuristic bias-adjustment for the transaction price-based realized range estimator of daily volatility in the presence of bid–ask bounce and non-trading. The adjustment is an extension of the estimator proposed in Christensen et al. (2009). We relax the assumption that all...

We introduce the realized co-range, a novel estimator of the daily covariance between asset returns based on intraday high--low price ranges. In an ideal world, the co-range is five times more efficient than the realized covariance, which uses cross-products of intraday returns, when sampling at...