We generalize endogenous growth models, which often assume a closed-economy, toallow for international borrowing and lending. We incorporate a prominent feature of globalfinancial markets, that the marginal cost of borrowing facing a small open economy is dependent on the "country risk" as...

According to the Washington Consensus, developing countries’ growth would benefit from reductions in barriers to trade. However, the empirical basis for judging trade reforms is weak. Econometrics are mostly ad hoc; results are typically not judged against models; policies are poorly measured;...

The claim of globalization critics that the income gap to industrial countries is bound to widen for essentially all developing countries as a consequence of economic globalization is in conflict with empirical evidence. Economic performance differs tremendously across developing countries. We...