Trend and cyclical patterns of household, business, government, and foreign net borrowing shares of GDP are reviewed using diagrams and covariance decompositions of the identity stating that the sum of the shares equals zero. Household and business net borrowing shares and thereby those...

This paper presents a demand-led growth model where an exogenous investment function drives capital accumulation through a Bernoulli differential equation. In such framework investment generates savings through changes in capacity utilization and/or income distribution, making economic growth...