, cost effectiveness, equity, flexibility in the presence of new information, and incentives for participation and compliance … market-based approaches, especially those with price mechanisms; and participation and compliance incentives are inadequately … environmental outcome and efficiency, and between cost-effectiveness and incentives for participation and compliance. …

incapable of inducing significant participation and compliance. We assess the Protocol and thirteen alternative policy … architectures that have been proposed, with particular attention to their respective abilities to induce participation and … compliance. We find that those approaches that offer cost-effective mitigation are unlikely to induce significant participation …

, cost effectiveness, equity, flexibility in the presence of new information, and incentives for participation and compliance … market-based approaches, especially those with price mechanisms; and participation and compliance incentives are inadequately … environmental outcome and efficiency, and between cost-effectiveness and incentives for participation and compliance. …

, cost effectiveness, equity, flexibility in the presence of new information, and incentives for participation and compliance … market-based approaches, especially those with price mechanisms; and participation and compliance incentives are inadequately … environmental outcome and efficiency, and between cost-effectiveness and incentives for participation and compliance. …

, cost effectiveness, equity, flexibility in the presence of new information, and incentives for participation and compliance … market-based approaches, especially those with price mechanisms; and participation and compliance incentives are inadequately … environmental outcome and efficiency, and between cost-effectiveness and incentives for participation and compliance. …

incapable of inducing significant participation and compliance. We assess the Protocol and thirteen alternative policy … architectures that have been proposed, with particular attention to their respective abilities to induce participation and … compliance. We find that those approaches that offer cost-effective mitigation are unlikely to induce significant participation …

participation in a treaty; pollution abatement as a strategic substitute and as a strategic complement; the difference between … compliance and participation enforcement; IEAs as repeated games; the trade-off between the depth and breadth of cooperation; the …