, cost effectiveness, equity, flexibility in the presence of new information, and incentives for participation and compliance … market-based approaches, especially those with price mechanisms; and participation and compliance incentives are inadequately … environmental outcome and efficiency, and between cost-effectiveness and incentives for participation and compliance. …

incapable of inducing significant participation and compliance. We assess the Protocol and thirteen alternative policy … compliance. We find that those approaches that offer cost-effective mitigation are unlikely to induce significant participation … and compliance, while those approaches that are likely to enjoy a reasonably high level of implementation by sovereign …

incapable of inducing significant participation and compliance. We assess the Protocol and thirteen alternative policy … compliance. We find that those approaches that offer cost-effective mitigation are unlikely to induce significant participation … and compliance, while those approaches that are likely to enjoy a reasonably high level of implementation by sovereign …

, cost effectiveness, equity, flexibility in the presence of new information, and incentives for participation and compliance … market-based approaches, especially those with price mechanisms; and participation and compliance incentives are inadequately … environmental outcome and efficiency, and between cost-effectiveness and incentives for participation and compliance. …

compliance and participation enforcement; IEAs as repeated games; the trade-off between the depth and breadth of cooperation; the …

, cost effectiveness, equity, flexibility in the presence of new information, and incentives for participation and compliance … market-based approaches, especially those with price mechanisms; and participation and compliance incentives are inadequately … environmental outcome and efficiency, and between cost-effectiveness and incentives for participation and compliance. …

, cost effectiveness, equity, flexibility in the presence of new information, and incentives for participation and compliance … market-based approaches, especially those with price mechanisms; and participation and compliance incentives are inadequately … environmental outcome and efficiency, and between cost-effectiveness and incentives for participation and compliance. …

cooperation does not hinge on whether the compliance norm of customary international law has been internalized by states or … whether compliance must instead be enforced by the use of treaty-based sanctions. The constraint on international cooperation … is free-rider deterrence, not compliance enforcement. …