large, positive, but offsetting in Hungary and Romania, and from small effects of both types in Russia and Ukraine. The … dominates the efficiency effect. -- privatization ; employment ; wages ; foreign ownership ; Hungary ; Romania ; Russia …

Russia, Romania, and Estonia to measure nonstandard, boundary forms and alternative definitions of labor force status. Our … much lower in Romania and slightly lower in Estonia, and alternative unemployment rates that are sharply higher in Romania …

result from effects on scale, productivity, and costs that are large but offsetting in Hungary and Romania, and from small … ; Romania ; Russia ; Ukraine …