Evidence from numerous studies shows that emerging markets have far more poor quality drugs than western markets. There are many reasons for this, but one reason, investigated in this paper, is the possibility that smaller, often privately-owned, pharmacies take greater risks with drug...

Free trade zones possess many attributes of capitalist economies and can attract foreign companies, foreign investment in domestic companies, industrial production, and wealth generation. However, such zones are also troubling; they can produce several negative results including a strong mafia...

In this paper, the authors document the complex issues facing the FDA in assessing the quality of generic drugs. They conclude that increased transparency as well as the updating of FDA bioequivalence standards may be important to overcome some of these challenges.

Fake and substandard medicines are a significant problem in developing nations and a growing problem in developed ones, too. This study finds that corruption is strongly correlated with poor-quality drugs.

A recent survey found that a higher percentage of sampled smokers had tried vaping in the UK, relative to the US, especially among those who claimed they had tried to quit smoking previously.

This paper analyzes whether taxes create a price wedge between legal and illicit cigarettes and thereby affect the availability and trade of illicit whites across markets.

The rules underlying the assessment of quality of generic drugs, and their bioequivalence to brand name products, have not changed significantly since the passage of the Hatch-Waxman Act in 1984. Yet the products on the market are significantly more complicated today, which may imply that two...