area of dispute settlement. Second, since taking advantage of international trade is part and parcel of good development … new World Trade Organization (WTO) is based present a remarkable range of obligations and responsibilities for a set of … countries that were effectively outside any multilateral discipline on trade matters. Meanwhile, the few concrete gains that …

In this chapter, we discuss whether or not governance is an important source of variation in development experiences … literature on the political economy of development. Third, improving governance necessitates understanding the nature of the …

Trade reform is now raising some new issues. This paper deals with three sets of questions: First, how can trade reform … be sustained? Can governments convince business, labor, or consumers that trade reform will be lasting, so as to … forestall possible adverse reactions that would jeopardize the sustainability of the reform? Second, what role should trade …

paper first surveys the ambiguous economics of customs unions. We emphasize that the traditional dichotomy between `trade … creation' and `trade diversion' is not particularly helpful for policy. In a world with trade restrictions, regional …

to trade and the size of its government sector. This association holds for a large cross-section of countries, in low- as … government consumption plays a risk-reducing role in economies exposed to a significant amount of external risk. When openness is … interacted with explicit measures of external risk, such as terms-of-trade uncertainty and product concentration of exports, it …

Much more than comparative advantage and free markets have been at play in shaping China's export success. Government … have developed in their absence. As a result, China has ended up with an export basket that is significantly more …

example. In these and many other cases, radical trade liberalization measures were put in place, or existing programmes … when trade liberalization is implemented simultaneously with stabilization policies is weaker than is usually presupposed … between trade liberalization and exchange rate stability. The credibility of disinflation may be endangered by early …

Three questions lie at the core of the large and distinguished literature on the political economy of trade policy …. First, why is international trade not free? Second, why are trade policies universally biased against (rather than in favour … of) trade? Third, what are the determinants of the variation in protection levels across industries, countries, and …

By the end of 1991, Czechoslovakia, Hungary and Poland had achieved a substantial degree of openness to foreign trade …. In all three countries, trade is now demonopolized and licensing and quotas play a very small role. Exchange controls … have virtually disappeared for current-account transactions. Judging by partner statistics, export performance has been …