This Article examines the large, steady, and continuing growth of the Big Three index fund managers — BlackRock, Vanguard, and State Street Global Advisors. We show that there is a real prospect that index funds will continue to grow, and that voting in most significant public companies will...

This Article examines two “meta” issues raised by opponents of the SEC's proposal to provide shareholders with rights to place director candidates on the company's proxy materials. First, opponents argue that, even assuming proxy access is desirable in many circumstances, the existing...

An important milestone often reached in the life of an activist engagement is entering into a “settlement” agreement between the activist and the target's board. Using a comprehensive hand-collected data set, we analyze the drivers, nature, and consequences of such settlement agreements....

We test the empirical validity of a claim that has been playing a central role in debates on corporate governance — the claim that interventions by activist hedge funds have a detrimental effect on the long-term interests of companies and their shareholders. We subject this claim to a...

This Article seeks to contribute to the heated debate on the disclosure of political spending by public companies. A rulemaking petition urging SEC rules requiring such disclosure has attracted over 1.2 million comments since its submission seven years ago, but the SEC has not yet made a...

The analysis of this paper was subsequently combined with that of our companion paper ldquo;Lucky CEOs,rdquo; lt;a href=quot;http://ssrn.com/abstract=945392quot; target=quot;_blankquot;gt;http://ssrn.com/abstract=945392lt;/agt;. The combined paper, titled ldquo;Lucky CEOs and Lucky...

The analysis of this paper was subsequently combined with that of our companion paper ldquo;Lucky Directors,rdquo; lt;a href=quot;http://ssrn.com/abstract=952239quot; target=quot;_blankquot;gt;http://ssrn.com/abstract=952239lt;/agt;. The combined paper, titled ldquo;Lucky CEOs and Lucky...

The power of shareholders to replace the board is a central element in the accepted theory of the modern public corporation with dispersed ownership. This power, however, is largely a myth. I document in this paper that the incidence of electoral challenges during the 1996-2005 decade was very...

In a recent book, Pay without Performance: The Unfulfilled Promise of executive Compensation, we critique existing executive pay arrangements and the corporate governance processes producing them, and put forward proposals for improving both executive pay and corporate governance. This paper...