This paper examines the determinants of informal sanctions by a large number of experiments.

Die Verteilung von Aufgaben und Entscheidungsrechten kann als letztes Element einerkausalen Wirkungskette gesehen werden, die bei Veränderungen der Umweltbedingungenbeginnt und sich in der Firmenstrategie fortsetzt. Ziel des Forschungsprojekts wares, empirisch zu untersuchen, welche der...

Owing to changes in the business environment, there has been a tremendous adoption of innovativeworkplace organisation (WO) and human resource (HR) practices during the last fewdecades. Assuming a holistic perspective on human resource management (HRM), the presentstudy establishes the...

The allocation of decision-making authorities may be seen as the last link in a causalrelationship starting from changes in environment and continuing to business strategy.Changes in task complexity, which can be measured by the introduction of a diversificationor an outsourcing strategy, are...

Traditional principal agent theory interprets franchising as a solution to the agency problems associated with incentives and observability. Franchising has been viewed as an institution that aligns the right to make decisions with the residual claims deriving from these decisions. One problem...

In this paper, we examine ownership structures of franchise chains and evaluate their impact on franchisor profit. Specifically we compare pure forms of franchising with those that use both company-owned and franchised outlets within one chain - a phenomenon termed the plural form. Theoretically...

Typical contracts assign both coercive and non-coercive means of power to the principal's side, providing the agent with a comparably small range of countervailing anti-power. Initially agents are therefore vulnerable to opportunistic principal behavior and will rationally anticipate this threat...

Early research work theorized franchising to exist because Hybridal Form Benefits (HFB) are achieved by the franchisor. Compared to the full hierarchy, franchising was held to reduce agency costs, to overcome resource scarcity and to enable risk sharing. Lately, the focus has shifted to an...