concentration and bidding competition decrease in the privatized sector may have outweighed eventual gains coming from privatization …. On the other hand, the threat that privatization may represent for public unit managers may have stimulated them to … recent privatization are associated with lower costs. Instead, old privatization is not associated with lower costs …

provincial level for service provision, and privatization of the service production. This article analyses that reform, and … empirically studies whether privatization and cooperation have had any significant effect on costs incurred by the government for … not find a significant relationship between privatization and costs. …