We describe the theoretical and empirical contributions that rigorous economic analysis can make in improving our comprehension of the important issues pertaining to environmental protection in the presence of international trade. We do this by studying and summarizing the scholarly...

We argue that competitive diffusion is a driver of the trend toward international investment agreements (IIAs) with stricter investment rules, namely defensive moves of developing countries concerned about foreign direct investment (FDI) diversion in favor of competing host countries. Accounting...

We describe the theoretical and empirical contributions that rigorous economic analysis can make in improving our understanding of the salient issues relating to environmental protection in the presence of international trade. We do this by analyzing and summarizing the intellectual...

We use firm-level data for 15 countries and 13 manufacturing sectors to estimate firm-level productivity parameters and to establish representative country-sector-specific empirical productivity distributions. We use these distributions against the backdrop of multi-sector versions of the models...

The IMF Working Papers series is designed to make IMF staff research available to a wide audience. Almost 300 Working Papers are released each year, covering a wide range of theoretical and analytical topics, including balance of payments, monetary and fiscal issues, global liquidity, and...