We study the impact of private ownership, incentive pay and local development objectives on university licensing performance. We develop and test a simple contracting model of technology licensing offices, using new survey information together with panel data on U.S. universities for 1995-99. We...

We study the impact of incentive pay, local development objectives and government constraints on university licensing performance. We develop and test a simple contracting model of technology licensing offices, using new survey information together with panel data on U.S. universities for...

The commercial value of basic knowledge depends on the arrival of follow-up developments mostly from outside the boundaries of the inventing firm. Private returns would depend on the extent the inventing firm internalizes these follow-up developments. Such internalization is less likely to occur...

It is shown that spillovers can enhance private returns to innovation if they feed back into the dynamic research of the original inventor (Internalized spillovers), but will always reduce private returns, if the original inventor does not benefit from the advancements other inventors build into...

This article explores the domain of international entrepreneurship (IE) research by thematically mapping and assessing the intellectual territory of the field. Extant reviews show that the body of IE knowledge is growing, and while notable contributions towards theoretical and methodological...

Previous studies have shown that lack of information can provide an obstacle to firms’ endeavour to be competitive in oversea markets. This study provides empirical data that examine how managers of internationalising UK high-technology firms perceive the usefulness of overseas market...

This paper positions itself in the growing body of work on international entrepreneurship and investigates the perceptions of a small sample of high-technology UK firms operating in overseas markets. Some firms were found to employ a number of modes of market entry other than the exporting...

This paper reports empirical results from a research project investigating selected characteristics and perceptions of technologically oriented firms. Specifically, it examines data from a survey of winners of the Queen's Award for Technological Achievement, and from a sample of technologically...

There has been widespread dissatisfaction with step-stage development models of small firm internationalisation, and difficulties in applying comprehensive theories or explanations to the decisions and processes involved, resulting in calls for a return to exploratory research, and for a series...