Voluntary environmental programs (VEP) are institutions that encourage participating actors to produce environmental public goods beyond the requirements of government law. Drawing on the club approach to the study of VEPs, we identify four collective action challenges facing VEPs. First,...

Benefit transfer is the practice of estimating economic values at a target site by utilising the results of existing studies for different sites. It is commonly used to estimate values for changes in environmental conditions where time and cost factors constrain the direct application of...