This paper discusses the evaluation problem using observational data when the timing of treatment is an outcome of a stochastic process. We show that the duration framework in discrete time provides a fertile ground for effect evaluations. We suggest easy-to-use nonparametric survival function...

The identification of average causal effects of a treatment in observational studies is typically based either on the unconfoundedness assumption or on the availability of an instrument. When available, instruments may also be used to test for the unconfoundedness assumption (exogeneity of the...

We investigate the behavior of nonparametric kernel M-estimators in the presence of long-memory errors. The optimal bandwidth and a central limit theorem are obtained. It turns out that in the Gaussian case all kernel M-estimators have the same limiting normal distribution. The motivation behind...

Prediction in time series models with a trend requires reliable estimation of the trend function at the right end of the observed series. Local polynomial smoothing is a suitable tool because boundary corrections are included implicitly. However, outliers may lead to unreliable estimates, if...

Recent results on so-called SEMIFAR models introduced by Beran (1997) are discussed. The nonparametric deterministic trend is estimated by a kernel method. The differencing and fractional differencing parameters as well as the autoregressive coefficients are estimated by an approximate maximum...

The identification of average causal effects of a treatment in observational studies is typically based either on the unconfoundedness assumption or on the availability of an instrument. When available, instruments may also be used to test for the unconfoundedness assumption (exogeneity of the...

This paper discusses the evaluation problem using observational data when the timing of treatment is an outcome of a stochastic process. We show that, without additional assumptions, it is not possible to estimate the average treatment effect and treatment on the treated. It is, however,...

In this paper data-driven algorithms for fitting SEMIFAR models (Beran, 1999) are proposed. The algorithms combine the data-driven estimation of the nonparametric trend and maximum likelihood estimation of the parameters. For selecting the bandwidth, the proposal of Beran and Feng (1999) based...

Time series in many areas of application often display local or global trends. Typical models that provide statistical explanations of such trends are, for example, polynomial regression, smooth bounded trends that are estimated nonparametrically, and difference-stationary processes such as, for...

Prediction in time series models with a trend requires reliable estima- tion of the trend function at the right end of the observed series. Local polynomial smoothing is a suitable tool because boundary corrections are included implicitly. However, outliers may lead to unreliable estimates, if...