We analyse congestion pricing in a road and rail network with heterogeneous users. On the road there is bottleneck congestion. In the train there is crowding congestion. We separately analyse proportional heterogeneity that varies the values of time and schedule delay scalarly in fixed...

In 2013 China launched the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), including in Indonesia a “Twenty-first Century Maritime Silk Road (Road)” that crosses the Indian Ocean (IO) and continues up into the Mediterranean. For Africa this produced an early Eastern focus for which there has been no...

In 2013 China launched the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), including in Indonesia a “Twenty first Century Maritime Silk Road (Road)” that crosses the Indian Ocean (IO) and continues up into the Mediterranean. For Africa this produced an early Eastern focus for which there has been no...