A letter of credit (L/C), in international trade may be described as an instrument of finance carrying a conditional guarantee of payment from the overseas (buyer?s) bank to the seller. Consequently, a L/C is desirable in high value and/or high risk transactions. The guarantee is conditional...

Letters of Credit continue to be the most popular method of international payments in the trading community, but there is a push to convert traditional processes to the electronic age of paperless transactions. This paper discusses the new eUCP regulations (version 1.0), which became effective...

When studies of industrial organisation are informed by commodity chain, actor network, or global production network theories and focus on tracing commodity flows, social networks, or a combination of the two, they can easily overlook the less routine trans-sectoral associations that are crucial...