Despite ample research demonstrating many consequences of bank geographic deregulation, the bank capital determinants … evidence that geographic deregulation significantly increases both bank target capital ratios and speeds of adjustment to these … ways, including a gravity-deregulation approach with time-varying bank-specific instruments. Findings are also robust to …

We contribute to the corporate capital structure and bank specialness literatures by studying the effects of bank debt … observations. We find that bank term loans and credit lines are strongly positively associated with firm value, but only when … employed very intensively—at 90% or more of total corporate debt. These effects are consistent with bank specialness at high …