Over the past several years, substantial research effort has gone into measuring the efficiency of financial … measured efficiency. This paper examines several possible sources, including differences in efficiency concept, measurement …

from the cross-section efficiency literature. Our most striking result is that during 1991-1997, cost productivity worsened … additional services or higher service quality that raised costs but also raised revenues by more than the cost increases. The …

dominant 'big four' state-owned banks. This paper seeks to help predict the effects of this change by analysing the efficiency … efficiency. We present corroborating robustness checks and offer several credible mechanisms through which minority foreign … owners can increase Chinese bank efficiency. These findings suggest that minority foreign ownership of the big four is likely …