After the Fukushima nuclear disaster, renewable energy resources have become increasingly important in Europe. Based on available pedological, climatological, topographical, and administrative data sets we analysed the pan-European very shallow geothermal energy potentials (vSGP) on a mapping...

Very shallow geothermal energy resources are amongst the RES (renewable energy sources). They can be expressed as TC (thermal conductivity) (W/m∗K) and VHC (volumetric heat capacity) (MJ/m3∗K) of unconsolidated ground, and can be obtained from a depth of 10 m below the Earth's surface....