Increases in water demand due to population growth, industrial development and urbanization necessitate economically … efficient use of water resources worldwide. This is particularly true in the dryland zones of the world relying on irrigated … agriculture for economic development such as in Uzbekistan, Central Asia. Due to ill-managed water resources and the dominance of …

. It comprises a large-scale irrigation system which conveys water from the river Amudarya to agricultural land cropped … mainly with cotton, wheat, and rice. Khorezm's water resources are vulnerable because they depend on upstream developments … and are indispensable for rural livelihoods and state budgets. Since water scarcity is expected to increase in the future …

, bargain over the level of water abstraction in the upstream. In the model we consider the case where the downstream country …, Ghana, offers a discounted price for energy export to the upstream country, Burkina Faso, to restrict its water abstraction … present condition, the marginal benefit of Burkina Faso from increasing the water abstraction is much higher than that of …