a 0.1 standard deviation increase in test scores, but only for girls. We show that a reason for the gender … differentiated impacts is that the water reform induces parents to make complementary investments in education that favor girls … water provision to narrow test score gaps across countries and, within countries, across gender. …

Gender gaps in labor-market outcomes often emerge with the arrival of the first child. We investigate a causal link … between gender norms and labor-supply expectations within a survey experiment among 2,000 German adolescents. Using a … norm towards mothers significantly reduce girls’ self-expected labor supply and thereby increase the expected gender …

Gender gaps in labor-market outcomes often emerge with arrival of the first child. We investigate a causal link between … gender norms and labor-supply expectations within a survey experiment among 2,000 German adolescents. Using a hypothetical …, significantly reduce girls' self-expected labor supply and thereby increase the expected gender difference in labor supply between …