mechanisms finds a narrowing of gender gaps in parental investments in children, moderation of son-biased fertility stopping, and … fetuses. This paper examines the impacts of this on girl relative to boy mortality rates after birth, using data from 1973 …-2005. The analysis finds a narrowing of the gender gap in under-5 mortality rates, in line with surviving girls being more …

fetuses. We investigate their impact on son-biased fertility stopping behavior, parental investments in girls relative to boys …, and the relative chances of girls surviving after birth. We find a moderation of son-biased fertility, erosion of gender … gaps in breastfeeding and immunization, and complete convergence in the post-neonatal mortality rates of boys and girls …

and post-neonatal mortality, a reduction in fertility and, possibly on account of selection, no change in the quality of …

, reducing hospitalization costs and the foregone income of mothers and improving the long-run socioeconomic outcomes of children …

Historically, improvements in the quality of municipal drinking water made important contributions to mortality decline … on average, the program was associated with a 37 to 48% decline in diarrheal disease deaths among children (over 23 …