fetuses. We investigate their impact on son-biased fertility stopping behavior, parental investments in girls relative to boys …, and the relative chances of girls surviving after birth. We find a moderation of son-biased fertility, erosion of gender …

Bengal, and find that it increased child survival and reduced fertility. However, we also find that it intensified son … preference in families without a first-born son to inherit the land title. These families exhibit no reduction in fertility, an …

instrument fertility will under-estimate impacts of fertility on parental investments and women's labour supply. This is …

(religious) aversion to abortion among Muslims. These districts exhibit increases in fertility that offset the decrease in girl …

implies that estimates of impacts of fertility on parental investments and on women's labour supply that use twin births to … instrument fertility will tend to be downward biased. This is pertinent given the emerging consensus that these relationships are …

Twin births are often used to instrument fertility to address (negative) selection of women into fertility. However …, twin-IV estimates will tend to be upward biased. This is pertinent given the emerging consensus that fertility has limited …

health and women's earnings following IVF birth, along-side an increase in subsequent fertility. We provide the first …