poverty compels work whereas a positive wage elasticity would favour the alternative view that children work because the … boys, consistent with the view that boys work on account of the compulsions of poverty. This is less clear in the case of … requires alleviation of the poverty of their households. Trade sanctions or bans on child labour may have deleterious …

. First, does the food subsidy induce higher expenditures on food? Second, are there gender inequalities in the distribution …

a 0.1 standard deviation increase in test scores, but only for girls. We show that a reason for the gender … water provision to narrow test score gaps across countries and, within countries, across gender. …

candidates. This decline is most pronounced in states with entrenched gender bias and in male-headed parties, suggesting an … institutionalized demand-side barriers rather than gender-specific preferences and constraints …

, and the relative chances of girls surviving after birth. We find a moderation of son-biased fertility, erosion of gender …

unintended consequence may be increased within-household gender inequality. We analyse a tenancy registration programme in West …