economic crisis that began in 2008. It starts from the observation that the decline in employment and rise in unemployment in … further dualization of labour markets given that risks are allocated unequally across types of employment …

's criminal justice system, offering new insights into how incarceration affects subsequent crime and employment. We construct a … directed at improving employability and reducing recidivism, and ultimately, raises employment and earnings while discouraging … negative effect on employment. Contrary to the widely embraced "nothing works" doctrine, these findings demonstrate that time …