This paper aims to determine the role of EU in Turkey’s trade flows by using the gravity model. It also aims to test whether the Customs Union (of EU) that Turkey entered in 1996 made a deviation in Turkey’s trade flows. Regional trade agreements on the one hand create new trade...

This study provides evidence on the role of financial development in accounting for economic growth in low-, middle-, and high-income countries. Using panel data from 1991 to 2011, we conduct panel regression to examine whether the relationship between banks, stock markets, and economic growth...